Method for operating a communications system

ABSTRACT

A method for operating a communications system, in particular a communications system based on software-defined networking, which has at least one network infrastructure component, in particular an SDN switch, and at least one communications device, the network infrastructure component being developed for forwarding data to and/or from the at least one communications device. The method includes the following steps: allocating the communications device to at least one security zone; specifying at least one forwarding rule for forwarding data by the network infrastructure component to and/or from the communications device, the specification of the forwarding rule taking place under consideration of the security zone.

CROSS REFERENCE

The present application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119 ofGerman Patent Application No. DE 102019206815.4 filed on May 10, 2019,which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The present invention relates to a method and a device for operating acommunications system, in particular a communications system based onsoftware-defined networking (SDN).

In addition, the present invention relates to a communications system,in particular a communications system based on software-definednetworking (SDN), and to a network infrastructure component, inparticular an SDN switch, of a communications system.

It is desirable to control and improve the data exchange within thecommunications system with regard to compliance with securityspecifications.

SUMMARY

The present invention relates to devices and methods for allocatingcommunications devices of a communications system, in particular acommunications system based on software-defined networking (SDN), aswell as data to security zones, and to the specification of forwardingrules as a function of the security zones.

Security zones are areas that especially include a plurality ofcommunications devices, with uniform security requirements within thesecurity zones. Such areas are separated from other areas for securityreasons. The communication into a security zone or out of a securityzone is specified by appropriate security requirements and preferablycontrolled.

Software-defined networking is to be understood as an approach for anetwork architecture or a communications architecture in which two mainfunctionalities, a control plane and a data plane, are separated fromeach other and abstracted.

Software-defined networking architectures allow for a differenttreatment of individual data and/or data streams as well as a globalview on the structure of the communications system. This makes itpossible to make decisions that are optimized for the entire system.

In a communications system of this type, a forwarding rule uniquelyspecifies the forwarding of received data from input ports to certainoutput ports of a network infrastructure component of the communicationssystem. Network infrastructure components, for example, are switches orgateways.

The forwarding rule is advantageously predefined by a logicallycentralized control instance, in particular a software-definednetworking (SDN) controller, and distributed to the networkinfrastructure components.

Moreover, an SDN-based communications system for vehicles or industrialplants is able to be operated in combination with time-sensitivenetworking mechanisms, the latter controlling the real-time-relevantdata traffic, and the software-defined networking components providingmechanisms available for influencing the processing and forwardingfunctions in the network infrastructure components.

According to one specific embodiment of the present invention, anexample method for operating a communications system, in particular acommunications system based on software-defined networking (SDN), whichincludes at least one network infrastructure component, in particular anSDN switch, and at least one communications device, the networkinfrastructure component being developed for forwarding data to and/orfrom the at least one communications device, has the following steps:

-   -   Allocating the communications device to at least one security        zone;    -   Specifying at least one forwarding rule for forwarding data        through the network infrastructure component to and/or from the        communications device, the specification of the forwarding rule        being carried out under consideration of the security zone.

Preferably, an allocation of data to at least one security zone is alsoprovided. In an advantageous manner, data are able to be forwardedwithin the allocated security zone and/or into the allocated securityzone. Data that are allocated to this security zone are advantageouslyable to be forwarded within a security zone or into a security zone. Theforwarding of data out of their allocated security zone isadvantageously able to be denied.

A network infrastructure component and the communications devicesconnected to the network infrastructure component form a subnet ofspecific communications devices having a common superposed task, forexample. Toward this end, some data are transmitted only inside thissubnetwork, for instance. Ethernet, especially automotive Ethernet orsome other bus system typical of automobiles, for example, may be usedin a subnet, e.g., a controller area network bus, CAN.

The example communications system advantageously has at least one firstand one second subnet, and a communications device of the first subnetand a communications device of the second subnet are allocated to ashared security zone. Because of the global view on structures of theSDN-based communications system, it is possible to set up security zonesthat cross the boundaries of subnets so that the involved communicationsdevices may be located in different subnets. As a result of the globalview, forwarding rules are able to be specified that are adapted acrossthe involved network infrastructure components and are therefore able tocontrol the subnet-spanning data exchange.

According to one advantageous embodiment of the present invention, theexample method, or individual steps of the example method, is/are ableto be carried out in different operating states of the communicationssystem, e.g., prior to the initial operation and also during a runningapplication of the communications system, for instance through acontinuous calculation/optimization or in response to changes in thecommunications system.

In an advantageous manner, the allocating of data and/or the allocatingof communications devices to security zones is carried out dynamicallyduring a running application of the communications system.

It is advantageously provided in accordance with the present inventionthat data are characterized by information that allows the data to beallocated to at least one security zone. The use of tags, for example,is realized by extending a data frame.

It is advantageously provided in accordance with the present inventionthat the specification of a forwarding rule includes the distribution ofthe forwarding rule to the network infrastructure component.

It is advantageously provided in accordance with the present inventionthat the specification of the forwarding rule includes defining theforwarding rule.

It is advantageously provided in accordance with the present inventionthat the forwarding rule is defined as a function of data to beforwarded and/or as a function of at least one communications path ofthe communications system and/or at least one application of thecommunications system.

The specification of the forwarding rule advantageously takes placedynamically during a running application of the communications system.This advantageously allows for a dynamic adaptation of the forwardingrule and thereby makes it possible, for example, to temporarily permitexceptions in the forwarding or non-forwarding for certain data.

The network infrastructure component advantageously forwards the data toand/or from the at least one communications device as a function of theforwarding rule. The forwarding as a function of the forwarding rulealso includes the non-forwarding of data in the event that this is notpermitted by a corresponding forwarding rule.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a ‘secure bydefault approach’, in which the network infrastructure components do notforward data as a matter of principle except if a forwarding rule isspecified for forwarding the corresponding data.

Further preferred embodiments of the present invention include anexample device for operating a communications system, in particular acommunications system based on software-defined networking (SDN), whichhas at least one network infrastructure component, in particular an SDNswitch, and at least one communications device, the networkinfrastructure component being developed for forwarding data to and/orfrom the at least one network infrastructure component, and the exampledevice being configured to execute the following steps:

-   -   Allocating the communications device to at least one security        zone;    -   Specifying at least one forwarding rule for forwarding data via        the network infrastructure component to and/or from the        communications device, the specification of the forwarding rule        taking place under consideration of the security zone.

In further preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, thedevice for carrying out the present method is developed according to thespecific embodiments.

In further preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, thedevice is a logically centralized control instance of the SDN-basedcommunications system, in particular an SDN controller.

Further preferred specific embodiments of the present invention includean example network infrastructure component, in particular an SDNswitch, of a communications system, in particular of a communicationssystem based on software-defined networking (SDN), the networkinfrastructure component being developed to carry out the methodaccording to the specific embodiments.

Additional preferred specific embodiments of the present inventioninclude a computer program, which includes computer-readableinstructions that when executed by a computer, run the method accordingto the specific embodiments.

Further preferred specific embodiments of the present invention includea communications system, in particular a communications system based onsoftware-defined networking (SDN), which includes at least one deviceaccording to the specific embodiments and/or at least one networkinfrastructure component, in particular an SDN switch, according to thespecific embodiments, as well as at least one communications device.

Additional preferred specific embodiments of the present inventioninclude the use of the method according to the specific embodimentsand/or the device according to the specific embodiments and/or thecomputer program according to the specific embodiments for theconfiguration of a communications system or the communications systemaccording to the specific embodiments.

In an advantageous manner, the example method according to the specificembodiments of the present invention and/or the example device accordingto the specific embodiments of the present invention and/or the examplecomputer program according to the specific embodiments of the presentinvention and/or the example communications system according to thespecific embodiments of the present invention is/are suitable for use ina network for a motor vehicle and/or in an industrial network such as anindustrial production plant.

The principle according to the specific embodiments is able to be usedin all areas in which security-critical communication is to bemonitored. Among others, such areas are the industrial production andalso networks inside motor vehicles.

Additional features, application possibilities and advantages of thepresent invention result from the description below of exemplaryembodiments of the present invention, which are shown in the figures.All described or illustrated features form the subject matter of thepresent invention, either on their own or in any combination, regardlessof their combination or their wording or representation in thespecification and/or the figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of parts of a communicationssystem according to preferred specific embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIG. 2 shows schematically, a simplified flow diagram of a methodaccording to further preferred specific embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIG. 3 shows schematically, a simplified flow diagram of a furthermethod according to further preferred specific embodiments of thepresent invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of parts of an examplecommunications system 100 according to the present invention.Communications system 100 includes a control instance 120, whichencompasses a software-defined networking (SDN) controller as alogically centralized instance of communications system 100. The SDNcontroller as the logically centralized instance, especially with regardto the topology, the components of communications system 100, andcommunications paths 150 between individual components of communicationssystem 100, has a global view on communications system 100. The SDNcontroller may have a central realization and also a distributedrealization. In the same way, the SDN controller may be realized as asubcomponent of some other component of communications system 100.

Via logical connections shown in FIG. 1 in the form of dashed lines,control instance 120 is connected to a first network infrastructurecomponent 130, a second network infrastructure component 131, and athird network infrastructure component 132 of communications system 100.

According to the illustrated specific embodiment, network infrastructurecomponents 130, 131, 132 are developed in the form of switches, inparticular as software-defined networking (SDN) switches.

Communications system 100, or parts of communications system 100, is/aredeveloped as an Ethernet, e.g., according to IEEE 802.3. In this case,Ethernet-capable switches are provided.

Communications system 100 or parts of communications system 100 may alsobe developed as a controller area network, CAN, according to ISO 11898.In such a case, the components denoted by switch 130, 131, 132 in FIG. 1include forwarding devices, for instance, which communicate according tothe CAN protocol and are able to assume the function described forswitches 130, 131, 132.

A network infrastructure component 130, 131, 132 includes at least oneforwarding rule and is developed to forward data as a function as theforwarding rule to and/or from communications devices 140, 141, 142,143, 144. Communications devices 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, for example,are user terminals such as control devices (electronic control units,ECU) having application software, sensors, actuators or I/O devices,which exchange data via communications system 100. The forwarding of thedata is realized via communications paths 150.

According to the illustrated specific embodiment, network infrastructurecomponent 130 and communications devices 140, 141, 142 form a firstsubnet of communications system 100, whose parts are able to communicatewith one another via network infrastructure component 130. Networkinfrastructure component 132 and communications devices 143, 144 form asecond subnet of communications system 100, whose parts are able tocommunicate with one another via network infrastructure component 132.For that purpose, a few data are forwarded only within the first or onlywithin the second subnet, for instance.

Each network infrastructure components 130, 131, 132 in the exampleincludes a processing unit 160 and a memory unit 161, in particular amicrocontroller, a microprocessor, an application-specific integratedcircuit, ASIC, a field programmable gate array, FPGA, or ternarycontent-addressable memory, TCAM. Control instance 120 also includes aprocessing unit 170 and a memory unit 171.

Memory units 161, 171 store instructions that when carried out byprocessing units 160, 170, make it possible to carry out the methoddescribed in the following text and schematically shown in FIG. 2.

In a first step of the present method, communications devices 140, 141,142, 143, 144 are allocated (200) to security zones Z1, Z2, Z3 (FIG. 2).

According to the illustrated specific embodiment, communications devices140, 141, 142 are allocated to a first security zone Z1, andcommunications devices 143, 144 are allocated 200 to a second securityzone Z2. A security zone Z1, Z2, Z3 is a logical area of communicationssystem 100 featuring uniform security requirements. The allocation to asecurity zone Z1, Z2, Z3 is also possible in a subnet-spanning manner.For example, communications devices 142, 143, 144 are allocated to athird security zone Z3. The communication into a security zone Z1, Z2,Z3 or out of a security zone Z1, Z2, Z3 is specified by appropriatesecurity requirements and preferably controlled. For instance, a fewdata may be exchanged only between communications device 143 andcommunications device 144, i.e. within security zone Z2. Other data, onthe other hand, may be exchanged between communications device 143,communications device 144, and communications device 142, i.e. withinsecurity zone Z3.

In order to ensure compliance with the security requirements with regardto the data exchange between communications devices 140, 141, 142, 143,144, forwarding rules for the forwarding of data by networkinfrastructure component 130, 131, 132 to and/or from communicationsdevice 140, 141, 142, 143, 144 are specified 240 (FIG. 2) in a furtherstep of the present method, the specification 240 of the forwardingrules taking place under consideration of security zone Z1, Z2, Z3.

According to one specific embodiment, the present method furthermoreincludes the forwarding 250 of data as a function of the forwarding ruleby network infrastructure component 130, 131, 132.

In this way, the specified forwarding rules ensure that data that aremeant only for a specific security zone Z1, Z2, Z3 are unable to leavethis security zone Z1, Z2, Z3. In the same way, it may be provided thata communications device 140, 141, 142, 143, 144 outside a certainsecurity zone Z1, Z2, Z3 is prevented from sending data into thissecurity zone Z1, Z2, Z3.

In an advantageous manner, the specification 240 of the forwarding rulefor the forwarding of data includes the defining of the forwarding rule.In one preferred specific embodiment, the forwarding rules are definedby control instance 120.

The forwarding rule is advantageously defined as a function of data tobe forwarded and/or of at least one communications path 150 ofcommunications system 100 and/or of at least one application ofcommunications system 100.

The specification 240 advantageously includes the distribution of theforwarding rule to network infrastructure component 130, 131, 132. Inone preferred specific embodiment, control instance 120 distributes theforwarding rules to corresponding network infrastructure components 130,131, 132. For this purpose, control instance 120 is connected to networkinfrastructure components 130, 131, 132 via logical connections, whichare shown in FIG. 1 as dashed lines.

The method shown in FIG. 2 advantageously includes the additionalfollowing steps: Allocating 220 data to security zones Z1, Z2, Z3, andcharacterizing 230 data by information that allows the data to beallocated to at least one security zone Z1, Z2, Z3.

Data that are allocated to a certain security zone Z1, Z2, Z3, forexample, may be forwarded only inside the specific security zone Z1, Z2,Z3. It would also be possible to transmit only data within a securityzone Z1, Z2, Z3 that are allocated to this security zone Z1, Z2, Z3.According to one specific embodiment, this information may be appendedto the data, in particular in the form of tags, e.g., using suitableprotocol extensions, or the use of VLAN tags. Based on the informationallocated to the data, network infrastructure component 130, 131, 132then recognizes whether or not the data may be forwarded within securityzone Z1, Z2, Z3 and/or out of security zone Z1, Z2, Z3 and/or intosecurity zone Z1, Z2, Z3.

According to one specific embodiment, step 220 and/or step 230 of thepresent method is/are able to be carried out by network infrastructurecomponents 130, 131, 132. This will be described in the following textwith reference to the method schematically illustrated in FIG. 3. In astep 300, a network infrastructure component 130, 131, 132 receivesdata. In a step 310, network infrastructure component 130, 131, 132allocates the data to a security zone Z1, Z2, Z3. For example, based oninformation stored in memory units 161 of network infrastructurecomponents 130, 131, 132, network infrastructure components 130, 131,132 may allocate arriving data to a security zone Z1, Z2, Z3. Controlinstance 120 is able to define this information, e.g., using datasetsincluding MAC addresses, IP addresses, and data fields, and todistribute it to network infrastructure components 130, 131, 132.Network infrastructure components 130, 131, 132 may furthermore bedeveloped to characterize 230 the data by information that allow for anallocation of the data to at least one security zone Z1, Z2, Z3.

In a step 320, network infrastructure component 130, 131, 132 checkswhether a forwarding rule exists for the received data and whether ornot the data may be forwarded according to the forwarding rule.Depending on the result, either step 330, i.e. the forwarding of thedata, or step 340, i.e. the non-forwarding of the data, is carried out.

In one further specific embodiment, the information of the datacharacterizing the data is able to be modified, deleted or appended bynetwork infrastructure components 130, 131, 132.

According to FIG. 1, entire communications system 100, i.e.communications devices 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, is allocated to a commonsecurity zone Z4. In the automotive context, security zone Z4 could be a“vehicle zone”, for example, to which all communications devices 140,141, 142, 143, 144 of a vehicle are allocated. The security zones are“vehicle domain zones”, for example.

In addition, an external instance 180, e.g., a Cloud instance 180, isshown in FIG. 1. Communications system 100 is able to exchange data withCloud 180 via network infrastructure component 133. Entirecommunications system 100 and external instance 180 are allocated tosecurity zone Z5, in particular a “Cloud zone”. Security zones Z1, Z2,Z3, Z4, Z5 are structured in a hierarchical manner, for instance,vehicle zone Z4 being superposed to vehicle domain zones Z1, Z2, Z3, andCloud zone Z5 in turn being superposed to vehicle zone Z4. Hierarchicalstructuring is once again also possible within vehicle domain zones Z1,Z2, Z3. According to the illustrated specific embodiment, security zoneZ3 is superposed to security zones Z1 and Z2, for instance. As a matterof fact, any combination and/or hierarchical structuring of securityzones Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 is/are possible.

In the illustrated specific embodiment, network infrastructure component133 is a connectivity unit and includes a special internal forwardingdevice, which is developed to forward data between the two differentnetwork technologies. In an advantageous manner, the network componentis also developed according to the previously described specificembodiments for forwarding data as a function of the forwarding rulesspecified by control instance 120.

According to one preferred specific embodiment, the forwarding of thedata with regard to security zones Z4, Z5 may be carried out accordingto the method that was previously described with regard to securityzones Z1, Z2, Z3.

In additional preferred specific embodiments, the method described withreference to the flow diagram according to FIG. 2 is provided for theoperation of communications system 100. The method according to FIG. 2is able to be carried out by control instance 120 from FIG. 1, forexample, which—or whose functionality—in further preferred specificembodiments may also be integrated into one of communications devices140, 141, 142, 143, 144, for instance.

In this way, the forwarding rules specified by control instance 120 areable to ensure that data meant only for a certain security zone Z1, Z2,Z3, Z4, Z5 are unable to leave this security zone Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5. Inthe same way it may be the case that a communications device 140, 141,142, 143, 144 outside a security zone Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 is preventedfrom transmitting data into this security zone Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5.

This is enforced by network infrastructure components 130, 131, 132, 133on the basis of the forwarding rules defined by control instance 120 anddistributed to network infrastructure components 130, 131, 132, 133.

In further preferred specific embodiments, individual steps of thepresent method, in particular the steps of allocating 200 communicationsdevice 140, 141, 142, 143, 144 to a security zone Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, and/orof allocating 220 data to security zones Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, and/or ofcharacterizing 230 data by information that allow the data to beallocated to at least one security zone Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, and/or ofspecifying at least one forwarding rule for the forwarding of data bynetwork infrastructure component 130, 131, 132, 133 to and/or fromcommunications device 140, 141, 142, 143, 144 outside control instance120, are carried out by other components of communications system 100 oralso by external components such as Cloud 180, for instance.

In one further preferred specific embodiment, the present method iscarried out in particular for the configuration of communications system100. Toward this end, the present method or individual steps of thepresent method may be implemented in different operating states ofcommunications system 100, e.g., prior to the initial operation, andalso during a running application of communications system 100 for thereconfiguration, such as through a continuous calculation/optimizationor as a reaction to changes in communications system 100.

Changes in communications system 100, for example, are a softwareupdate, in particular with regard to new applications, a change inexisting applications or the removal of an existing application, afirmware update, e.g. a change in the overall software of acommunications device and thus in its applications, the detection of anattack by an intrusion detection system, the change from externalaccesses to internal data, e.g., from Cloud 180, or by some other changein communications system 100, e.g., partial malfunction or (full)malfunction of communications system 100.

An intrusion detection system is able to detect anomalies in data in thedata exchange both in an internal communication within communicationssystem 100 and in an external communication. An intrusion detectionsystem monitors and analyzes the entire data exchange or a portionthereof with the goal of detecting all anomalies in the internal andexternal data exchange.

According to one further preferred specific embodiment, use scenariossuch as software-over-the-air (SOTA), firmware-over-the-air (FOTA) oralso the dynamic access to data from Cloud 180 is made easier because ofthe dynamically adaptable allocation of communications devices 140, 141,142, 143, 144 to security zones Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5.

In an advantageous manner, because of the allocation of communicationsdevices 140, 141, 142, 143, 144 to security zones Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 atthe network level, the security requirements for the data exchange fromand into security zones Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 are able to be ensured evenin the case of compromised applications.

In additional preferred specific embodiments, at least individual stepsof the present method are able to be carried out during a runningapplication of communications system 100.

Another specific embodiment provides a “secure-by-default” approach, inwhich network infrastructure components 130, 131, 132, 133 do notforward data as a matter of principle except for cases for which aforwarding rule is specified for forwarding the corresponding data.

In further preferred specific embodiments, communications system 100 orparts of communications system 100, especially certain security zonesZ1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 and/or subnets of communications system 100, is/areable to be deactivated at least temporarily or partially deactivated inorder to thereby allow for an accelerated data exchange without checkingfor compliance with the security requirements.

In additional preferred specific embodiments, data of communicationssystem 100 are able to be transmitted according to time-sensitivenetworking. Time-sensitive networking denotes an implementation ofmechanisms in the communications infrastructure that relate toscheduling, for example. In this context, individual security zones Z1,Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 or communications devices 140, 141, 142, 143, 144allocated to security zones Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 are able to be allocatedto elements of a time-sensitive networking (TSN) schedule in order tothereby have quality-of-service guarantees, in particular guaranteedbandwidths, made available.

1-15. (canceled)
 16. A method for operating a communications systemincluding at least one network infrastructure component and at least onecommunications device, the at least one network infrastructure componentbeing configured to forward data to and/or from the at least onecommunications device, the method comprising the following steps:allocating the at least one communications device to at least onesecurity zone; and specifying at least one forwarding rule forforwarding data by the at least one network infrastructure component toand/or from the at least one communications device, the specification ofthe forwarding rule being carried out under consideration of the atleast one security zone.
 17. The method as recited in claim 16, whereinthe communications system is based on software-defined network (SDN) andthe at least one network infrastructure component is an SDN switch. 18.The method as recited in claim 16, wherein the method further comprisesthe following step: allocating data to a security zone of the at leastone security zone.
 19. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein thecommunications system has at least one first subnet and one secondsubnet, and a first communications device of the first subnet and asecond communications device of the second subnet are allocated to ashared security zone.
 20. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein theallocating of the data and/or the at least one communications device tothe at least one security zones is carried out dynamically during arunning application of the communications system.
 21. The method asrecited in claim 18, further comprising the following step:characterizing the data by information that allows the data to beallocated to at least one of the at least one security zone.
 22. Themethod as recited in claim 16, wherein the specification of a forwardingrule of the at least one forwarding rule includes distributing theforwarding rule to a network infrastructure component of the at leastone network infrastructure component.
 23. The method as recited in claim16, wherein the specification of a forwarding rule of the at least oneforwarding rule includes defining the forwarding rule.
 24. The method asrecited in claim 23, wherein the forwarding rule is defined as afunction of data to be forwarded and/or of at least one communicationspath of the communications system and/or at least one application of thecommunications system.
 25. The method as recited in claim 16, whereinthe specification of a forwarding rule of the at least one forward ruletakes place dynamically during a running application of thecommunications system.
 26. The method as recited in claim 16, furthercomprising the following step: forwarding data to and/or from the atleast one communications device as a function of the at least oneforwarding rule, by the network infrastructure component.
 27. A devicefor operating a communications system which includes at least onenetwork infrastructure component and at least one communications device,the network infrastructure component being configured to forwarding datato and/or from the at least one network infrastructure component, andthe device being configured to: allocate the at least one communicationsdevice to at least one security zone; and specify at least oneforwarding rule for forwarding data by the at least one networkinfrastructure component to and/or from the at least one communicationsdevice, the specification of the forwarding rule being carried out underconsideration of the at least one security zone.
 28. The device asrecited in claim 27, wherein the communications system is based onsoftware-defined networking (SDN), and the least one networkinfrastructure component is an SDN switch.
 29. A network infrastructurecomponent of a communications system, the communications systemincluding at least one communications device, the network infrastructurecomponent configured to: allocate the at least one communications deviceto at least one security zone; specify at least one forwarding rule forforwarding data by the at least one network infrastructure component toand/or from the at least one communications device, the specification ofthe forwarding rule being carried out under consideration of the atleast one security zone; and allocating data to a security zone of the tleast one security zone.
 30. The network infrastructure component asrecited in claim 29, wherein the communications system is based onsoftware-defined networking (SDN), and the network infrastructurecomponent is an SDN switch.
 31. A non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium on which is stored a computer program includingcomputer-readable instructions for operating a communications systemincluding at least one network infrastructure component and at least onecommunications device, the at least one network infrastructure componentbeing configured to forward data to and/or from the at least onecommunications device, the computer-readable instructions, when executedby a computer, causing the computer to perform: allocating the at leastone communications device to at least one security zone; and specifyingat least one forwarding rule for forwarding data by the at least onenetwork infrastructure component to and/or from the at least onecommunications device, the specification of the forwarding rule beingcarried out under consideration of the at least one security zone.
 32. Acommunications system, comprising: at least one communications device;at least one network infrastructure component configured to forwardingdata to and/or from the at least one network infrastructure component;and a device for operating the communications system, the deviceconfigured to: allocate the at least one communications device to atleast one security zone; and specify at least one forwarding rule forforwarding data by the at least one network infrastructure component toand/or from the at least one communications device, the specification ofthe forwarding rule being carried out under consideration of the atleast one security zone.
 33. The communications system as recited inclaim 32, wherein the communications system is based on software-definednetworking (SDN).
 34. A method comprising: providing a device foroperating a communications system which includes at least one networkinfrastructure component and at least one communications device, thenetwork infrastructure component being configured to forwarding data toand/or from the at least one network infrastructure component, and thedevice being configured to: (i) allocate the at least one communicationsdevice to at least one security zone, and (ii) specify at least oneforwarding rule for forwarding data by the at least one networkinfrastructure component to and/or from the at least one communicationsdevice, the specification of the forwarding rule being carried out underconsideration of the at least one security zone, and using the device tocontrol the communications system.